The Bundelkhand super thermal power project, located in Chhatarpur district, would have four units -- each having 660 MW generation capacity.
Half of the total electricity generated from the plant would be supplied to Madhya Pradesh.
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"The estimated cost of the project shall be approximately Rs 17,000 crore and is envisaged to be commissioned in the 13th Plan (2017-22) linked to development of coal mine," NTPC said in a statement.
At present, the company meets about 24% of the state's total electricity requirement.
"With laying of foundation stone in Bundelkhand, NTPC will have over 4,500 MW of capacity under construction in Madhya Pradesh," the statement said.
This total capacity includes 50 MW solar plant at Rajgarh and 1,600 MW Gadarwara thermal project at Narsinghpur.
NTPC has an installed power generation capacity of 42,464 MW.