Previous Africa-rich-lists named as few as 16 billionaires, but Ventures said its exhaustive research had identified at least 55 on a continent where the wealthy often fiercely protect details about their fortunes.
The pan-African business magazine said it was able to uncover dozens of new billionaires by using "on-the-ground knowledge" to overcome hurdles that may have "hampered" other researchers.
Of the 55, 20 are Nigerian, including several oil barons, while South Africa and Egypt boast nine and eight respectively.
Dangote, who made his fortune in cement, heads a multi-interest empire, profiting from products including flour and sugar, while eyeing a massive investment in oil refining.
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The continent's richest woman is Nigeria's Folorunsho Alakija, whose Fama Oil owns an offshore oil block, which she acquired in 1993 "at a relatively inexpensive price", likely through a helpful connection, the magazine said.
Alakija studied fashion in London, then made dresses for Maryam Babaginda, the late wife of Nigerian military dictator Ibrahim Babaginda.
The most prominent South African named is Nicky Oppenheimer, worth an estimated USD 6.5 billion, whose fortune came largely from the diamond mines his family controlled for decades, which were operated by De Beers. Oppenheimer sold his family's stake in De Beers two years ago.
The figure of 55 is "actually an under-estimate" of Africa's billionaires, Chi-Chi Okonjo, the founder of Ventures, told AFP.
"People are not comfortable disclosing their wealth," he said.
The apparently rising number of ultra-rich Africans has come amid broader economic growth on the continent, which has seen an average of five percent GDP expansion since 2010.