Both the number of nurses on stress-related leave and the amount of time taken off are up significantly in the past three years in London, Scotland and Wales, responses to freedom of information requests submitted to National Health Service (NHS) organisations by the Observer newspaper show.
The figures have prompted claims by health unions that the NHS's 400,000 nurses are being stretched to breaking point as a result of having to work more demanding and longer shifts.
The number of nurses' working days lost to stress at the 28 acute trusts and three mental health trusts rose from 38,654 in 2012 to 57,156 last year - a rise of 48 per cent, the report said.
The seven health boards in Wales have seen the number of nurses off with stress rise 17 per cent from 2,188 in 2012 to 2,563 last year. Those who become so stressed they could no longer work were off sick for an average of 51 days. Scotland also saw stress-related sick days among nurses rise, by 34 per cent from 116,735 in 2012 to 156,880 last year.
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Kim Sunley, its senior employment relations adviser, said: "The strain put on the health service in recent years, with jobs having been cut and resources frozen as patient numbers have gone up, has made the situation even worse.
NHS Employers, which represents hospitals and other providers of care, estimates that over 30 per cent of all NHS sick leave is caused by stress, which is believed to cost the service up to 400 million pounds a year in lost productivity and the cost of replacing stressed staff.
An NHS Employers spokesman said there had been "a lot of work and progress in this area". The Department of Health maintained that stress levels were stable across England.
"We know nurses are working extremely hard, but these figures create a misleading picture," a spokesman said.