Obama landed in Toluca, near Mexico City, for the day of talks with Mexican President Enrique Pena Nieto and Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper in an ornate government palace.
The partners of the 20-year-old North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) are locked in several thorny disputes likely to surface in the talks and at a joint news conference at day's end.
More than 5,000 soldiers and police officers patrolled city streets lined with metal fences, while the leftist opposition planned to stage a protest.
Although the allies want to find ways to improve NAFTA, their talks come with some discord on other issues.
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Obama will no doubt face a new entreaty from Harper to quickly make up his mind on the Keystone XL pipeline project, which would carry crude from Canada's oil sands across the continental United States to Texas.
Canada is deeply frustrated at delays in the project, which is awaiting a construction permit and has caught Obama's administration between its backers in the environmental community and claims it will create thousands of jobs.
"What President Obama will do is explain to (Harper) where we are in the review ... And indicate that we'll of course let our Canadian friends know when we've arrived at a decision," said a senior US official on condition of anonymity.