On May 17, 1954, the Supreme Court handed down a decision that declared separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional and ordered their integration.
"As we commemorate this historic anniversary, we recommit ourselves to the long struggle to stamp out bigotry and racism in all their forms," Obama said in a statement yesterday.
"We reaffirm our belief that all children deserve an education worthy of their promise."
Obama, the first African American in the White House, said the change was neither immediate nor complete.
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"We will never forget the men, women and children who took extraordinary risks in order to make our country more fair and more free.
"Today, it falls on us to honor their legacy by taking our place in their march, and doing our part to perfect the union we love."
Attorney General Eric Holder urged action to "eradicate the existence of still too persistent inequalities" and pledged to do his part.
"So long as I have the privilege of serving as attorney general of the United States, this Justice Department will never stop working to expand the promise of a nation where everyone has the same opportunity to grow, to contribute and to succeed," he promised.