The White House said that Obama "had an opportunity to meet briefly" with Rezaian after delivering remarks at the State Department.
Rezaian was among four prisoners freed in Iran hours before world powers began implementing a deal with Iran on its nuclear program.
In return, the US pardoned seven Iranian prisoners and dropped charges against 14 other Iranians.
Obama's earlier address to US ambassadors and heads of mission was heavily focused on the benefits of diplomacy.
Securing the release of Rezaian -- along with Christian pastor Saeed Abedini, former US Marine Amir Hekmati, and Nosratollah Khosravi-Roodsari -- is seen by the White House as a vindication of that stance.