The card has a full-face picture of Obama, lists his correct birthday and gives his address as "White House, 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington DC", while stating his ethnicity as "Kenyan", pictures showed.
As part of their efforts to control the web, China's Communist rulers require Internet cafes to register users' identity numbers before letting them go online.
The manager of the shop in Jinan, the capital of the eastern province of Shandong, created the card by printing out Obama's personal details and sticking them on to the front of a genuine ID lost by its holder in 2010.
Police were "spooked" when they saw the card during a routine inspection last week, it added, and the manager, identified only by his surname Guo, was given an unspecified "punishment".
According to Chinese law, using a fake identity card can be punished with a fine of up to 1,000 yuan (USD 160) or 10 days in police detention.
The card was returned to the legitimate holder, the report said -- a man named Wang, who lives in Jinan rather than the US.