Women and children were reported to be among 28 civilians killed in yesterday's raids near the Turkish border, which also wounded 50.
The strikes in Idlib province, which is controlled by Syria's Al-Qaeda affiliate Al-Nusra Front and rebel allies, came as a 48-hour ceasefire took hold in the battleground city of Aleppo to the east.
That truce was in its second day today, allowing residents some respite from two weeks of fighting that killed more than 280 civilians, even as clashes raged south of the city.
Mamun al-Khatib, director of the Aleppo-based pro-rebel Shahba Press news agency, accused "regime aircraft" of firing missiles at the camp in Al-Kammouna village -- an accusation Damascus denied.
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"There is no truth in the information in some media that the Syrian air force targeted the displaced camp in Idlib province," the official SANA news agency quoted the military as saying.
Russia's military insisted no aircraft flew over the camp on Thursday, suggesting Al-Nusra could have shelled it.
"The camp may have been shelled either on purpose or by mistake by multiple rocket launchers which are currently being used very actively in this area by terrorists from Al-Nusra," Konashenkov said.
The February 27 ceasefire between the regime and non-jihadist rebels does not include areas where the Islamic State group and Al-Nusra are present.
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said he was "outraged" by the attack on the camp and said those responsible must face justice.
Ban demanded once again that the UN Security Council refer Syria to the International Criminal Court so that the tribunal based in The Hague can open up investigations of possible war crimes.