Outsider candidates challenged Tunisia's political elite on Sunday as voters returned to the polls weeks after a presidential election that reshaped the country's post-Arab Spring political landscape.
Polling stations for the seven-million-strong electorate closed at 6:00 pm (1700 GMT), with preliminary official results scheduled for Wednesday, although exit polls will be released from late Sunday.
The ink-stained fingers once proudly displayed after the 2011 revolution were briskly wiped clean as Tunisians fed up with the status quo cast ballots for lawmakers for the third time since the 2010-2011 uprising.
"I came to vote out of duty, nothing more," said Abdeljlil Frihi, in his 70s, scrubbing his finger and railing against a political class that "sank" the country.
The legislative vote comes after candidates aligned with traditional political parties were eclipsed by independent runners during the first round of presidential polls last month in a trend that looked likely to continue.
"We feel that there is a wind of change in this country," said a voter in Tunis who gave his name as Issa.
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The sidelining of the ruling political class in the first presidential round on September 15 was rooted in frustration over a stagnant economy, high unemployment, failing public services and rising prices.
Sixty-year-old Mohamed Daadaa said he had "no hope for a positive change" in Tunisia.
"I don't trust anyone or any political party. Life just gets worse in this country," he said.
More than 15,000 candidates on 1,500 lists are contesting 217 seats in a parliament dominated by the Islamist-inspired Ennahdha in alliance with centrist party Nidaa Tounes, which has been decimated by infighting.
The elections commission, ISIE, said that turnout had reached 23.5 per cent by 2.30 pm.
"The level of participation is respectable and normal," said Farouk Bouaskar, an ISIE official, noting it was similar to that achieved at the same stage of the presidential first round last month.
That poll achieved a turnout of 49 per cent for the day as a whole, well below the 60 per cent plus recorded in the 2014 legislative election.
The presidential race may have overshadowed the legislative contest, but parliament is responsible for tackling the main challenges facing Tunisian society and observers were concerned about voter apathy.
"People no longer trust the old parties, and they don't know the new ones, so they're not motivated in this election," said Ali Rekiki, who works with Tunisian electoral monitor Mourakiboun.
Despite the lack of enthusiasm, voter Rebeh Hamdi still has "a spark of hope for change in the country with the arrival of new faces".
She wants to see "an improvement in the economic situation and especially the social situation for Tunisians who can no longer bear a life of misery".
Surveys circulated informally due to a ban on their publication predict Ennahdha will lose ground to the new Qalb Tounes (Heart of Tunisia) party of jailed business tycoon Nabil Karoui, who has won a place in a two-way presidential runoff on October 13.
Karoui, a media mogul held since August on money-laundering charges, came second behind Kais Saied, an independent law professor, in the first round of presidential voting.
Courts have rejected several appeals for his release during campaigning.
A strong showing for Qalb Tounes could bolster Karoui's campaign and supporters say it might make a case for him to take over as prime minister if he loses to Saied.
The socially conservative professor has not come out in support of any party.
With the electorate tired of political manoeuvring and the failure to improve living conditions since the ouster of late longtime autocrat Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, new movements have been vying for votes.
Aich Tounsi, which calls itself an "anti-party", has emerged from the civil society movement, while Islamist populist lawyer Seifeddine Makhlouf's Karama aims to take seats from Ennahdha, which has been weakened by past alliances with political elites.
With the plethora of parties and movements in contention, the stage is set for complex and rowdy negotiations before any side emerges with the minimum 109 seats needed to head Tunisia's next government.
In the runup to the vote, Qalb Tounes and Ennahdha have officially ruled out forming an alliance.
Parliament will have two months to agree on the formation of a new government in a country hailed as the Arab Spring's sole democratic success story but straining to meet the revolution's other demands of "work and dignity".
While it has succeeded in curbing jihadist attacks that rocked the key tourist sector in 2015, Tunisia's economy remains hampered by austere International Monetary Fund-backed reforms.