Net income of USD 3.21 billion was up 35.1 percent from the year-ago period as it cut costs and focused on products with higher profit margins.
Adjusted earnings were USD 1.12 per share, a gain of 37 percent and solidly beating the 98 cents projected by analysts.
Revenues slumped nine percent to USD 16.9 billion in the quarter ended in December, in line with expectations.
The Cincinatti, Ohio-based company said the decline was mainly due to the stronger dollar and a smaller impact from changes in its accounting of the Venezuela business following foreign exchange policy changes in the South American country.
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"With the top-line improvement and continued cost reduction, we delivered solid core operating income and EPS growth in the face of significant macroeconomic and geopolitical headwinds."
Taylor took the helm of P&G on November 1, succeeding AG Lafley who led the company's restructuring focused on strengthening its brand portfolio.
The maker of Tide detergent, Crest toothpaste and Pampers diapers said it had bought back USD 2.0 billion of common stock and paid USD 1.9 billion in dividends to shareholders in the quarter.
The company said various measures had benefited sales, including price increases taken with new product innovations and to offset the impact of currency devaluation in markets such as Russia, Brazil and Mexico.
The company's cost-cutting program, begun more than three years ago, reduced costs by 14 percent in the second quarter.
Looking ahead to the full fiscal 2016, P&G said it expects net sales to fall by high single digits but organic sales to grow between 1.0-5.0 percent.
Shares in Dow member P&G advanced 1.8 percent to USD 78.25 in pre-market trade.