Muhammad Asif Hafeez, who was arrested in London's Regent's Park area, faces extradition to the US.
Hafeez, 58, is alleged to be the head of an organisation spanning Europe, Africa, Asia and North America, that produced and smuggled drugs including heroin, methamphetamine, or crystal meth, and ephedrine.
The National Crime Agency (NCA) in London said it worked with the US Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) to investigate Hafeez after he was allegedly identified as the source of large quantities of heroin being smuggled into Kenya from Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Each charge carries a mandatory minimum sentence of 10 years in prison.
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The United States plans to seek Hafeez's extradition from the United Kingdom, they said.
"The arrest of Muhammad Asif Hafeez is another win in the fight against global criminals and one of DEA's priority targets," said DEA Special Operations Division Special Agent- in-Charge Raymond Donovan.
"He has been allegedly linked to a transnational criminal organisation responsible for manufacturing and distributing ton quantities of narcotics. Removing criminals like Hafeez benefits not just the citizens of London, but communities worldwide," he said.
Prosecutors said Hafeez and some co-conspirators tried to establish a methamphetamine-production facility in Mozambique as part of the conspiracy to import methamphetamine into the US, but were forced to abandon the plan after authorities seized about 18 tonnes of ephedrine from a factory in Solapur, Maharashtra.
Hafeez is said to own two properties in London, and spend most of his time in Dubai, the Guardian reported.
From Kenya and Mozambique to London and New York, Hafeez's alleged drug operation saw no borders or boundaries - until now, the DEA said in a press release.