The assailant, identified by official Palestinian news agency Wafa as Nawaf Infiaat, 16, from the northern West Bank town of Yaabad, had stabbed a soldier with a knife at the entrance to Mevo Dotan, a Jewish settlement southwest of Jenin.
She was then shot by other soldiers at the scene.
She was taken to the Hillel Yaffe hospital in the Israeli city of Hadera in critical condition, and today succumbed to her wounds, a hospital spokeswoman told AFP.
A wave of unrest that broke out in October 2015 has claimed the lives of 267 Palestinians, 41 Israelis, two Americans, two Jordanians, an Eritrean, a Sudanese and a Briton, according to an AFP tally.
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Israeli authorities say most of the Palestinians killed were carrying out knife, gun or car-ramming attacks.
Others were shot dead during protests or clashes, while some were killed in Israeli air strikes on the Gaza Strip.
The violence has subsided in recent months.