A police statement said Asia Kaabneh, a 39-year-old mother of nine from the West Bank, stabbed a guard at the Qalandia checkpoint, injuring her lightly.
The guard was taken to hospital while Kaabneh was arrested by other guards.
A separate statement from the Shin Bet Israeli domestic security service said Kaabneh had admitted under interrogation to planning the attack after her husband threatened to divorce her.
A wave of unrest which erupted in October 2015 has claimed the lives of 261 Palestinians, 41 Israelis, two Americans, one Jordanian, an Eritrean, a Sudanese and a Briton, according to an AFP count.
Others were shot dead during protests or clashes, while some were killed in Israeli air strikes on the Gaza Strip.
The violence has greatly subsided in recent months.
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