It was not immediately clear if Abdeslam, 26, believed to have played a key role in the November 13 attacks claimed by the Islamic State group that left 130 people dead, was injured in the raid.
One man was injured and another arrested unharmed in the raid in the gritty Molenbeek neighbourhood of the Belgian capital, French police sources said, without identifying which was Abdeslam.
The arrest came hours after prosecutors revealed that Abdeslam's fingerprints were found in an apartment in another part of Brussels earlier this week following a raid in which a suspected IS militant was killed.
Belgium has been at the centre of the investigation into the Paris attacks almost from day one.
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Franco-Moroccan Abdeslam fled to Brussels after the attacks and is believed to have holed up in a flat for at least three weeks.
He slipped past three police checks in France as he fled to Belgium just hours after the terror assaults, a source close to the probe said in December.
His brother Brahim, who blew himself up in the massacre, was buried in a discreet ceremony on Thursday in Brussels.
The ringleader of the attacks, IS member Abdelhamid Abaaoud, was also from Brussels. He was killed in a raid in Paris in November.
Both had links to Molenbeek, a largely immigrant district which has been a hotbed of Islamist violence for decades.
Earlier this week, Belgian and French police raided an apartment in the Forest district of Brussels, shooting dead a 35-year-old Algerian identified as Mohamed Belkaid, who was living illegally in Belgium.
Police found a Kalashnikov assault rifle, extremist Islamic literature and an IS flag near Belkaid after he was shot.
Prosecutors then announced today that Abedslam's fingerprints had been found in the Forest apartment.