France's "operational reservists" include French citizens with or without military experience as well as former soldiers.
"I want to call on all French patriots who wish to do so, to join this operational reserve," said Cazeneuve.
His call comes after the government has been criticised for not doing more to stop attacks.
French President Francois Hollande said yesterday that reservists would be called upon to boost the ranks of police and gendarmes.
The operational reserve is currently made up of 12,000 volunteers, 9,000 of whom are within the paramilitary police and 3,000 in the regular police force, said Cazeneuve.
He said the number of security forces deployed to protect the population was nearly 100,000, including 53,000 police, 36,000 para-military police and 10,000 soldiers.