The world's most visited museum said it would shut its doors today to evacuate artworks from its basement storage, as the nearby river began to burst its banks following days of torrential rain.
Several towns in southern Germany have been devastated by flooding that has also seen rescuers in central France rowing lifeboats down streets turned into muddy rivers.
Forecasters in both countries warned of more downpours over the next 24 hours.
The 74-year-old's body was recovered from the water by firefighters. The horse made its own way back to safety, police said.
More From This Section
There were also chaotic scenes in the German town of Simbach am Inn, where the force of the water swept away the entire stock of a sawmill, leaving huge stacks of splintered wood blocking roads.
On one street, a car could be seen parked vertically against the wall of a house, pushed there by the floodwaters. Many other vehicles lay flipped over on roads blanketed by mud.
"The (rise in) water was so quick that practically no residents had the time to run away," police spokesman Armin Angloher said.
The deaths bring the toll from the floods in Germany to nine, including four killed earlier this week in the southern region of Baden-Wuerttemberg. Three others are missing, a police spokesman in Bavaria state said.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel said her thoughts were with the families "who have been plunged into this devastation".
In Paris, officials were erecting emergency flood barriers along the Seine. The riverbanks are home to both the Louvre and the Orsay museum, which was also preparing for the worst.
The Orsay, a converted railway station which hosts the world's greatest Impressionist collection, closed early yesterday and was to move its most vulnerable works to upper floors if the Seine rises more than 5.5 metres.