Paris had agreed in year 2011 to build and sell the two advanced helicopter assault ships to Russia for a total of USD 1.6 billion, with the first scheduled for delivery in October or November and the second in 2015.
French leaders had refused to back down on a sale seen as crucial to a country suffering from stagnant growth and record unemployment, despite widespread condemnation due to Russia's involvement in the Ukraine crisis.
The statement came just hours after Russian President Vladimir Putin raised hope of an end to the four-month war in the former Soviet republic, calling on pro-Kremlin rebels and government forces to cease fire and agree to the broad terms of a truce.
The situation in Ukraine is "serious... The actions taken recently by Russia in eastern Ukraine go against the foundations of Europe's security," said the French statement, issued after a meeting of the country's defence council.
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Hollande had acknowledged that France might row back on the Mistral deal in a recent interview in French daily Le Monde, before widespread accusations that Russia had sent troops into eastern Ukraine.
The planned delivery of the warships had created outrage, with President Barack Obama expressing "concerns" about the proposed sales and saying it would have been better to "hit the pause button" on the deal.
Washington raised fresh concerns on yes, before State Department spokeswoman Jennifer Psaki greeted the suspension of the delivery as "a wise decision".
A spokeswoman for NATO chief Anders Fogh Rasmussen said he "has always said this is a national decision and he was confident that France would take into account the security situation".
The concern in France is that the country will not only lose the receipts from the sale, but its credibility as a weapons exporter will also be compromised.
The Baltic states, worried that Russia might set its sights further, hailed France's announcement.