The four-count lawsuit accuses operator Amtrak of causing the "tragic and preventable" accident through "reckless operation on the tracks and (an) inexcusable decision to not include a necessary safety system."
Eight people were killed and more than 200 passengers injured when Amtrak Train 188 derailed in Philadelphia on May 12.
The train was traveling at more than 160 kilometers per hour -- twice the speed limit -- when the driver slammed on the emergency brakes just before the crash.
They sustained "serious and disabling" injuries "as a result of the careless, reckless and outrageous conduct" of Amtrak, the lawsuit said.
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Felicidad Redondo Iban was forced to undergo multiple surgeries in an attempt to save her arm from amputation, the lawsuit stated.
The plaintiffs' injuries have involved and could continue to involve costly medical treatment, loss of earnings, pain, disfigurement, mental anguish, humiliation and fear, the suit argues.
The 36-page suit accuses Amtrak of negligence, outrageous conduct and two counts of loss of consortium -- being deprived of a spouse's love and affection -- for each spouse in question.
In 1997, Congress capped any Amtrak payout to victims of a crash at USD 200 million as part of legislation to save the operator from financial ruin.
But Robert Zimmerman, from law firm Saltz, Mongeluzzi, Barrett and Bendesky that filed the suit, said the firm believed the cap was "unconstitutional and insufficient."