Soon after his return from Karnataka where he was on a two-day visit, Modi chaired a meeting of top officials including National Security Adviser Ajit Doval and Foreign Secretary S Jaishankar.
The meeting lasted for over two hours, the sources said.
"Immediately on landing in Delhi, PM Narendra Modi is chairing a high-level meeting with the NSA, Foreign Secretary and other officials," the PMO tweeted as the meeting began.
At the meeting, the implications of the attack on relations with Pakistan are also believed to have been deliberated upon.
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The attack took place merely a week after Modi made a surprise visit to Lahore to greet Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on his birthday with an aim of improving bilateral ties between the two countries. Sharif was in Lahore for the wedding of his granddaughter.
Earlier during the day, Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar briefed Prime Minister Modi on the latest situation at the Pathankot air base. Both were present at a HAL function in Tumakuru in Karnataka.
Fresh exchange of fire was reported at the attack site between the security forces and terrorists.
A joint combing operation by the armed forces, police and security personnel was still underway and the NIA has taken over the probe.