"The attack on the Afghanistan Parliament is a despicable & cowardly act. There is no place for such attacks in a democracy," Modi tweeted.
"My prayers are with those injured. We stand shoulder to shoulder with the people of Afghanistan in this hour," he said in another tweet.
Taliban militants attacked the Afghan Parliament this morning, with gunfire and explosions rocking the building, sending lawmakers running for cover in chaotic scenes relayed live on television.
All Members of Parliament were safely evacuated after the attack, which came as the Afghan president's nominee for the crucial post of defence minister was to be introduced in Parliament.
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"Several mujahideen have entered the parliament building, heavy fighting is on-going," Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid posted on Twitter. "The attack happened at a time when the defence minister was being introduced."