Modi was received by Sharif with a warm hug at the tarmac of Allama Iqbal International Airport after his unexpected stopover here on his way back home after a day-long trip today to Afghanistan where he went after concluding a two-day visit to Russia yesterday.
Modi was accorded a red carpet welcome as PM's special IAF Boeing 737 plane made a smooth touchdown at 4.20 local time(4.50 IST). He then took a chopper to proceed to Sharif's Raiwind palatial residence in the outskirts of Lahore.
"Spoke to PM Nawaz Sharif & wished him on his birthday," Modi added in another tweet. Sharif turned 66 today.
The visit came more than two weeks after Modi and Sharif had an unscheduled meeting at climate change talks in Paris.
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The agenda of the meeting is not known but the two leaders are expected to discuss major issues which have rocked ties between the two countries.
"That's like a statesman," External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj tweeted about the surprise visit by Modi. "One should have such relations with the neighbours," she added.
The last visit to Pakistan by an Indian prime minister was in 2004 by Atal Bihari Vajpayee, whose 91st birthday fell today and who is credited with bringing about a thaw in relations with Islamabad.
Pakistani authorities put security on high alert in Lahore especially around the airport area following the announcement of Modi's brief visit to the eastern city.
"Security in Lahore has been put on high alert," a senior police official told PTI. He said police have also been deployed on the adjoining areas of the airport.
A PM House spokesman here said the Indian premier would stay in Lahore for about two hours.
A PML-N source told PTI that Sharif had invited Modi to attend the marriage of his granddaughter Mehrun Nisa which is taking place today at the Sharif's Raiwind palatial residence.
"Welcome to Pakistan @narendramodi. Constant engagement
Amid reports that Modi's visit was planned only today, Foreign Office spokesman Qazi Khalilullah said, "Yes, we have been informed by the Indian High Commission that PM Narendra Modi would stop over in Lahore to meet our PM today. Details are being worked out."
The National Security Advisers of India and Pakistan met on December six in Bangkok. The development surprised many and it was announced with a joint press release only after the meeting was over.
India's Ministry of External Affairs at the time said the advisers discussed "peace and security, terrorism, Jammu and Kashmir, and other issues, including tranquility along the LoC (Line of Control)."
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A government official said the two leaders will have a meeting at Sharif's residence. "They will discuss all issues of mutual concern," he said on anonymity.
The Indian leader will stay for a couple of hours in Pakistan before flying back home.
Modi is expected to meet Sharif's mother.
He will also congratulate Sharif on the wedding of his granddaughter Mehrun Nisa (who is daughter of Mariam Nawaz Sharif) and present some gifts to the couple.