At a campaign rally at Bhabhar town earlier in the day, he also accused Aiyar of giving "supari" (contract) while on a visit to Pakistan to get him "removed" from the way to improve bilateral ties.
"One after another, I was given unimaginable titles by Congress leaders. They called me snake, scorpion, chaiwala, Lohu-purush, neech, gutter worm, mad dog, impotent, Bhasmasur, monkey, Aurangzeb, mentally retarded, illiterate, Ravan, Yamraj and what not. Is this how you respect the democracy and elected CM or PM?" he said at another rally in Nikol area of Ahmedabad later.
He was mentioning only "10 per cent of the abuses hurled at me", Modi said.
"The Congress's work culture was 'atkana' (stalling), 'latkana' (to keep issues pending) and 'bhatkana' (diverting issues)," Modi said.
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Aiyar set off a huge controversy yesterday when he called Modi a "neech kism ka aadmi". The Congress suspended him from primary membership and issued a show-cause notice.
Modi sought to connect Aiyar's remarks with a bias against the poor, backward communities as well as Gujarat.
"This is not the first time when Congress leaders have said I am 'neech'. Sonia Gandhi and her family members had used such words for me. They are doing this because they have a deep grudge against Gujarat and its people. Be it Sardar Patel, Morarji Desai or Modi," he said.
"Though I was an elected chief minister, Sonia-ben had said I am 'Maut Ka Saudagar' (merchant of death)," he said.
"Anand Sharma, Congress spokesperson and former minister in Manmohan Singh Government, had said on November 27 that PM has lost his mental balance. Not just that, he said it is a national problem.
"You are using such languages because a chaiwala, a poor woman's son, a Gujarati is giving you a tough fight and you are unable to defeat him," Modi said.
"Digvijay Singh, former chief minister of Madhya Pradesh, crossed all limits by tweeting my photo and a message containing a highly derogatory remark for me, which I can't even utter," he said.
"A Congress leader, Rashid Alvi, had said during a meeting of intellectuals that Modi is a stupid PM. Digvijay Singh had said there is a 'Rakshash Raj' in India. Another Congress leader, Pramod Tiwari said in Parliament that Modi comes fourth, after (Libyan dictator) Gaddafi, Mussolini and Hitler," the prime minister alleged.
"I was also referred to as a 'Bandar' (monkey) and 'Bhasmasur' by Congress leaders. Former minister Beni Prasad Verma said that Modi is a mad dog and they (Congress) would stop this mad dog from entering Parliament. A former Jammu and Kashmir chief minister said I am Gangu Teli," he said.
At an earlier rally in the small town of Bhabbar in Banaskantha district in North Gujarat, Modi took on Aiyar for a statement made in Pakistan.
"Shriman Mani Shankar Aiyar....you know what he did?" Modi asked the gathering. "He gave this 'gaali' (swear-word) to me or you? Did he abuse me or Gujarat? Did he abuse the cultured society of India or me?" Modi asked.
"Let us not talk about that abuse ('neech' word), as people of Gujarat will look into it and give a reply and they (Congress) will know the result on December 18," he said.
"Someone tell me what is the meaning of 'raste se hatana'. You had gone to Pakistan to give my 'supari', you wanted to give Modi's 'supari' (contract to eliminate)," the PM said.
"However, people need not worry, as 'Maa Ambe' (goddess Ambe) is protecting me," he added.
"What is my crime? This country's people have elected me in a democratic way, and you go to Pakistan and say that this man is coming in the way and remove him!" he said.
Aiyar, at a talk show in Pakistan in 2015, had reportedly made the controversial statement.
Yesterday, during a rally in Surat, Modi alleged that Aiyar referred to his caste by using the word 'neech'.
During the rally here today, Modi also said that when the soldiers conducted a surgical strike across the Line of Control, "all the people of the country felt proud, but only Congress was not happy".