The racers, in the age group of 38 to 62 years, had engaged in two days of high-speed racing on Expressway in Shenzhen, state-run Global Times reported.
Located across the border from the former British colony of Hong Kong, Shenzhen is one of mainland China's top trade and industrial hub.
Police action followed several complaints from local citizens about racing cars on the Guangzhou-Shenzhen Expressway running along the Pearl River.
"It only took six minutes for them to drive from Nanshan, Shenzhen to Dongguan (a distance of about 22 kilometres)," an official said.
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Some of the detained said they "wanted to enjoy the fun of driving and appreciate the feeling of being cool and exciting."
Gong Li, a police officer working on the case, called it particularly serious in terms of the speed at which the cars raced and the large numbers of participants.
"It wasn't the first time [we've seen] Hong Kong citizens racing in Shenzhen. Roads in Shenzhen are longer and wider than in Hong Kong, so they come and race here a lot," another official said.
Police said they will press charges of dangerous driving against the detained.