Police officer Eric Bambue said the toll could rise as the search for bodies continues.
Cameroon, which borders Nigeria and has contributed troops to the multinational force fighting the Boko Haram Islamic extremist rebels there, has been attacked twice before by suicide bombers.
Boko Haram's six-year-old insurgency to establish an Islamic State in Nigeria region has spilled over into neighboring countries.
According to Cameroonian businessman Ousmaila Toukour, hundreds more people were wounded and most of the goods sold in the market came from Nigeria.