The flight, operated by Polish state airline LOT, was diverted to Glasgow when it declared a mid-air emergency.
The aircraft landed safely and was checked by firefighters who "deemed it safe" to taxi to a parking stand beside the terminal, an airport spokesman was quoted as saying by The Scotsman newspaper.
He said he believed firefighters had boarded the aircraft and there was "no visible signs of smoke".
Glasgow Airport said it was operating as normal with no disruption to other flights.
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A spokesman for LOT Polish Airlines said: "One of our aircraft operating [a] flight from Chicago to Warsaw landed in Glasgow.
"Crew had received an information generated by [the] aircraft fire protection system located in the hatch.
"Due to the safety procedure, pilots decided to land at the nearest airport - in Glasgow. Airport flight control granted permission and aircraft landed safely. Passengers were informed about the situation.
"After taxiing, plane had been checked by the airport fire service. They did not identify any smoke of fire.
"LOT is preparing alternative transportation for passengers to Warsaw," the spokesman said.
The Dreamliners have been hit by a series of troubles since entering commercial service in 2011.
There have been several incidents of windshield cracking in Air India's Dreamliner fleet in the past months, even causing planes to be grounded in Paris, Sydney and Frankfurt.
The last incident involving an Air India Dreamliner was reported on August 21 when a 787 aircraft was forced to return to Delhi after developing a windshield crack mid-air on its way to Kolkata.
Boeing also said earlier this year that hairline cracks have been found in the wings of some of the jets due to a manufacturing problem.