"My father died in the early hours of Wednesday, at a hospital in Poland. He had no chance of survival," his son and fellow director Xawery Zulawski told AFP.
"He had projects in the works but the choice had been made: death. He didn't fight it, he didn't want to fight it."
Xawery had posted on Facebook yesterday that Zulawski was "terminally ill with cancer".
The actor, writer and director of several French films had just released his last film Cosmos in 2015, which won him the best director award at the Locarno film festival in Switzerland.
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Born in occupied Poland in 1940, Zulawski left for Paris at the age of five with his parents and later studied at the Sorbonne.
His films had a good dose of nihilism, savage eroticism and hopelessness, which he attributed in a 2004 Paris Match interview to being born during World War II.
"Going into the war my family numbered 40 people, afterwards there were three... My younger sister died of hunger," he told the magazine.
"As a kid I saw things that I never should have seen. It's undoubtedly what gave me the sense that every day is a miracle."
"It's a huge loss for Polish and world cinema," Polish film critic Janusz Wroblewski told AFP.
"His films are considered cinema classics, but at the time they were avant-garde," he said of the director of "The Third Part of the Night" (1971) and "The Devil" (1972).
"He was provocative, breaking many Polish stereotypes and introducing eroticism in his films.