Poonia crashed out in the qualification round as she could only come up with a best effort of 55.80m in the nine-thrower field in the prestigious event.
The Commonwealth Games gold medallist Indian, who holds the national record of 64.76m, had come up with season's best of 59.43m at the second leg of the Asian Grand Prix at Chonburi in Thailand on May 8.
Poonia opened with a 55.80m throw followed by a foul. She could managed only 55.68m in the third round which was not enough for her to get into final round of throws.
In men's shot put, another national record holder and London Olympian Om Prakash Karhana finished eighth among nine competitors with a best effort of 18.43m.
Om Prakash, who holds the national record of 20.69m, had four foul throws after clearing 17.73m in his first attempt.
American world indoor champion Ryan Whitting won the event in 22.28m. Argentine German Lujan Lauro was second in 21.26m while London Olympic bronze medal winner Reese Hoffa was third in 21.01m.