In a wide-ranging speech to a delegation from the International Association of Penal Law, the pontiff said believers should oppose life-long incarceration as strongly as the use of capital punishment.
"All Christians and men of good faith are therefore called upon today to fight, not only for the abolition of the death penalty -- whether it is legal or illegal and in all its forms -- but also to improve the conditions of incarceration to ensure that the human dignity of those deprived of their freedom is respected," the pope said in Italian.
"For a short time now, these no longer exist in the Vatican penal code. A sentence of life (without parole) is a hidden death penalty."
Broadening his comments in a manner likely to enhance his reputation as one of the most liberal of popes, Francis went on to slam what he described as the risk that sentencing in many countries was becoming disproportionately severe.
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"In recent decades a belief has spread that through public punishment the most diverse social problems can be resolved, as if different diseases could all be cured by the same medicine."
"These abuses will only stop if the international community firmly commits to recognising... The principle of placing human dignity above all else," he said.