"The Holy Father has approved a proposal on the future of the Istituto per le Opere di Religione (IOR), reaffirming the importance of the IOR's mission," the Vatican said in a statement.
"The IOR will continue to serve with prudence and provide specialised financial services to the Catholic Church worldwide," it added.
Bank spokesman Max Hohenberg said the announcement "represents a powerful endorsement of our very mission and the hard work accomplished over the past 12 months".
The IOR handles accounts for Catholic congregations, Vatican officials and clergy men and women worldwide, as well as for Vatican-accredited diplomats.
The bank had around USD 8.6 billion in assets and 18,900 customers in 2012.
Two former directors of the bank face trial for money laundering later this year and a top Vatican accountant is also on trial in a separate case for allegedly trying to smuggle money through Vatican bank accounts.