Other cardinals hail from Ethiopia, Thailand and Vietnam. Another is form Sicily, where the Church in recent decades has been galvanising public rejection of the Mafia.
Referring to the Vatican, Francis told faithful in St Peter's Square that the churchmen come "from every continent" and "show the indelible tie with the church of Rome to churches in the world."
He said they distinguished themselves for their work in the Vatican bureaucracy, in diplomatic service in giving witness to their love of Christ and God's people. Those included men from Peru and Mozambique.
Speaking from a Vatican window to a crowd in St Peter's Square, Francis made another surprise announcement. He said that on February 12-13, he will lead of meeting of all cardinals to "reflect on the orientations and proposals for the reform of the Roman Curia," the Vatican's administrative bureaucracy.