Super Typhoon Haiyan claimed more than 7,350 lives as it swept in off the Pacific Ocean, with its record winds and once-in-a-generation storm surges flattening entire towns.
The typhoon tore across a corridor of islands where about 14 million people lived in farming and fishing communities that were already among the nation's poorest.
The rebuilding effort has been painfully slow for most survivors, with millions poorer and many dangerously exposed to the next big storm as they still live in shanty homes along coastal areas.
Josephine Crisostomo, 41, whose three children died during the storm, was among a big crowd at a site on the outskirts of badly hit Tacloban city where more than 2,000 people were buried.
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"I miss my children terribly, especially John Dave who would have celebrated his birthday tomorrow... I miss you, son, I love you so much," Crisostomo said.
Using felt-tip pens, mourners wrote names of those who died on the hundreds of white crosses planted on parched earth in symbolic gestures as many of those buried there had not been identified.
Olendan then found a cross at the far end of the mass grave and wrote her brother's name, Antonio, on it.
The Philippines is a mainly Catholic country and many people in the typhoon zones, as well as across the nation, attended special church services.
At the Tacloban grave site, white doves and balloons were released after a bishop gave a mass.
"It's bittersweet because while they survived, they lost their loved ones, their livelihood and their homes. Now is really the time for them to grieve," Romualdez told AFP.