A total of 1,164 polling stations opened across the region, according to its electoral commission, two-and-a-half years after the strategic Black Sea peninsula was seized from Ukraine by the Kremlin.
In the regional capital Simferopol, mainly elderly residents flocked to busy polling stations in the city centre.
"I went to vote, and all my relatives and neighbours are going," said pensioner Valentina. "We are for Russia."
She said she cast her ballot for Crimean leader Sergei Aksyonov because he is backed by Russian President Vladimir Putin.
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The new elite that has taken over the peninsula since Russian rule has called for a high turnout in polls to confirm loyalty to the Kremlin as they look to cement their own grip over the region.
But even some of those who welcomed Moscow's annexation of Crimea said they felt let down by those who subsequently took control.
"Look what they've done to Crimea -- food is dearer than in Moscow," said pensioner Ivan, calling the new leaders "bandits".
"Medicines are like gold and pensions and wages aren't enough even for food."
"I'm not happy with the prices in the city and the bureaucracy," said Vladimir, a retired nuclear physicist, adding that he had voted Communist.
But elsewhere in Simferopol, polling stations in areas with more minority Crimean Tatars were emptier. Tatars have largely opposed Russia's takeover, with community leaders calling for a boycott of the polls after Russian authorities closed their governing body and television channel while detaining, searching and prosecuting activists.
He urged the Tatars -- who make up around 14 percent of the population -- to "find the strength and courage not to give into scare tactics and blackmail".
At Simferopol's Kuibyshevsky market, Crimean Tatar traders said the management had threatened to fire them if they did not vote.
"I'm afraid they'll take away my work, but how can I go to vote? My children will stop respecting me, my neighbours won't say hello to me," said one trader, Muniver.
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