The competition will see men and women of the armed forces take part in sports such as wheelchair basketball, indoor rowing and sitting volleyball.
The fourth-in-line to the British throne has visualised the games, planned for September, as a recognition of the sacrifice made by those who fought for their country.
"I have witnessed first hand how the power of sport can positively impact the lives of wounded, injured and sick servicemen and women in their journey of recovery," Harry said.
"The Invictus Games will focus on what they can achieve post-injury and celebrate their fighting spirit through an inclusive sporting competition that recognises the sacrifice they have made," he added.
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Harry said he believed the competition would have a "long-lasting impact" on the well-being of those who have "served their nations so bravely".
The prince officially launched the Invictus Games at the former Olympic Park's Cooper Box arena - where events such as handball, modern pentathlon and fencing took place during the 2012 Olympic Games - in Stratford, east London.
The programme will include athletics, archery, wheelchair basketball, road cycling, indoor rowing, wheelchair rugby, swimming and sitting volleyball.