Eric Garner died as officers were attempting to arrest him for selling untaxed cigarettes on the street. The controversy has once again cast a spotlight on police tensions with African Americans, even as the nation's president and top law enforcement official are both black.
Unlike the Missouri case, where the circumstances surrounding Michael Brown's death remain in dispute, Garner's July 17 arrest was captured on videotape. The Garner case could have even wider repercussions, particularly because it happened in the nation's most prominent city and one with a liberal tradition.
The decision yesterday by the Staten Island grand jury not to indict Officer Daniel Pantaleo heightened tensions that have simmered in the city since Garner's death.
In the neighborhood where Garner died, people reacted with angry disbelief and chanted, "I can't breathe!" and "Hands up don't choke!"
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In Manhattan, demonstrators laid down in Grand Central Terminal, walked through traffic on the West Side Highway and blocked the Brooklyn Bridge.
A City Council member cried. Hundreds converged on the heavily secured area around the annual Rockefeller Center Christmas tree lighting with a combination of professional-looking signs and hand-scrawled placards reading, "Black lives matter" and "Fellow white people, wake up."
But the demonstrations were largely peaceful, in contrast to the widespread arson and looting that accompanied the decision nine days earlier not to indict the white officer who shot and killed Brown, an unarmed black 18-year-old.
US Attorney Eric Holder said federal prosecutors would conduct their own investigation of Garner's death. The New York Police Department also is doing an internal probe which could lead to administrative charges against Pantaleo, who remains on desk duty.
Meanwhile, President Barack Obama said Wednesday evening that the grand jury decision underscores the need to strengthen the trust and accountability between communities and law enforcement.