Apart from Pujara, Indian skipper Mahendra Singh Dhoni is the only Indian batsman in the top-20. Dhoni is joint 20th after dropping a rung in the latest rankings.
Among the bowlers, spinner Pragyan Ojha is the next best-placed Indian after Ashwin after rising a couple of positions to 11th. Pacer Zaheer Khan is 17th after losing one position.
South Africa's AB de Villiers has overtaken teammate Hashim Amla at the top of the rankings for batsmen.
De Villiers, who came into the Dubai Test on 882 ratings points, earned 27 ratings points for his knock of 164 to finish at a career-best 909 to thereby become only the 28th batsman in the history of the game to break the 900-rating points barrier, a benchmark for top batsmen.
Player of the match in the Dubai Test and South Africa captain Graeme Smith, who scored 234 and shared a record 338-run fifth wicket stand with de Villiers, has jumped seven places to eighth to return to the top 10 for the first time since August 2012.