While Putin repeated a litany of accusations against the US, he also seemed to send conciliatory signals by calling for stronger international efforts to fight the Islamic State extremist group, stem the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, combat epidemics and respond to other global challenges.
Speaking at the St Petersburg International Economic Forum, Putin insisted that Russia wants February's Ukraine peace agreement to succeed, saying that fighting will stop once Ukraine provides broader rights to the rebel regions, amnesties the rebels and calls local elections there.
Commenting on the accusations, Putin said the rebels are defending themselves against the Ukrainian military. He added that "once an attempt is made to solve the problem by political means, those weapons will be gone."
He reaffirmed his long-held claim that Russians and Ukrainians are one people who will have a common future despite the current crisis, while adding that Ukraine has the sovereign right to choose its own path.
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Commenting on the US and EU sanctions over Ukraine, which helped push Russia's economy into recession this year, Putin said the West hurt itself with them. He argued that the Russian economy is on the path to recovery, its consumer market seeing a revival.
"They have pushed us back to the line beyond which we can't retreat," he said. "Russia isn't seeking hegemony or some ephemeral superpower status."
But while raising a number of old grievances, Putin said that Russia wants to cooperate with the West in tackling global threats and challenges.