Putin's visit today comes as Turkey and Russia are deepening ties in a turnaround for the two nations, which have backed opposing sides in Syria and nearly came to blows over Turkey's downing of a Russian plane in 2015.
Russia and Turkey, together with Iran, are now working on setting up de-escalation zones in Syria that have helped reduce fighting.
On Iraq, Turkey has strongly opposed an Iraqi Kurdish referendum on independence which Russia neither supported nor condemned.
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