Putin's comments appeared to draw the lines for a clash at the United Nations pitting Moscow and Beijing against Washington and its allies.
The US yesterday demanded the "strongest possible measures" against North Korea for detonating what Pyongyang said was a hydrogen bomb that could be mounted on a missile.
The announcement dramatically upped the stakes in its standoff with the international community over its banned weapons programmes, which have seen it subjected to seven sets of UN Security Council sanctions so far.
But Putin made clear that Russia was opposed to further interdictions, and while China - North Korea's patron and closest political and economic partner - has yet to be drawn on the issue, it tends to resist placing pressure on Pyongyang.
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Putin, speaking after an international gathering in China, said Russia condemned North Korea's "provocative" actions.
But he called for dialogue and warned against other actions that could escalate the crisis.
"All of this can lead to a global planetary catastrophe and a great number of victims."
World powers are scrambling to react to the latest ominous advance in the North's rogue weapons programme, which has sent global tensions soaring.
US President Donald Trump has approved in principle the sale of "many billions of dollars' worth of military weapons and equipment" for South Korea, the White House said Monday.
At an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council, US Ambassador Nikki Haley said Washington would present a new sanctions resolution for debate in the coming days.
Declaring that "enough is enough," Haley said existing measures not worked and accused North Korean leader Kim Jong- Un of "begging for war" with the country's sixth and most powerful nuclear test.
Seoul estimated the blast's yield at 50 kilotons, more than three times the size of the bomb detonated over Hiroshima in 1945.