The ministry of administrative development, labour and social affairs will set up the committee, with a judge at its head. Two ministry officials will also sit on the panel, under a cabinet decision.
"The committee is charged with settling all disputes related to the provisions of the labour law or a work contract in a period not exceeding three weeks," a statement on the Qatar News Agency said.
An appeals committee, also headed by a judge, will be established as well.
The government has introduced a three-month amnesty - that expires in December - for illegal undocumented workers in Qatar to leave the Gulf country.
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And at the end of this year, Doha is expected to announce long-awaited changes to the much-criticised "kafala" sponsorship system, which places restrictions on workers' ability to change jobs and travel.
It is expected to be replaced by a contract system.
However, the reform is unlikely to appease human rights and trade union critics, who have said the proposed changes do not go far enough.
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