Notwithstanding appeal to people by Prime Minister Narendra Modi for maintenance of peace, police said Patel community members resorted to arson, stone pelting and vandalising public as well as private properties.
Curfew has been clamped in Ahmedabad, Surat, Rajkot, Mehasana, Patan, Palanpur, Unjha, Visnagar and Jamnagar.
"Five companies of Army was called in Ahmedabad city to control law and order situation as violence escalated due to the Patel agitation," Ahmedabad District Collector, Rajkumar Beniwal told PTI.
Four people were killed in police firing, while one died of head injuries during clashes which started from last night, police said.
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Out of five deaths, three were reported from Ahmedabad while two were reported from Gadh village of Banaskantha district.
In a televised address in Gujarati, the Prime Minister appealed for calm and emphasised that all issues can be resolved through talks.
Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh also spoke to Gujarat Chief Minister Anandiben Patel this morning and assured her of full central help to tackle the situation.
Meanwhile, leader of Patel Anamat Andolan Samiti, 22-year-old Hardik Patel, who is spearheading the quota stir, blamed police for the violence and said the agitation will intensify in the coming days.
Normal life was paralysed as schools, colleges, business establishments including banks and public transport remained closed in most places in view of the bandh call given by 22-year-old Hardik after his brief detention yesterday when he was protesting for quota at the GMDC ground here.