Put into bat, Uttar Pradesh were left reeling at 82/4 at lunch but Prashant Gupta's 53 put them past century mark before Imtiaz Ahmed (36 from 44 balls; 6x4) and Ali Murtaza (33 from 40 balls; 6x4) counter-attacked in an entertaining 74-ball 60 for the ninth wicket to take them to a fighting total.
Sourav Sarkar was the pick of Bengal bowlers with 4/51, while Ashok Dinda too was impressive, taking 3/75.
Still 186 runs behind and with eight wickets in hand, it will be interesting to see how the inexperienced Bengal batting line-up rise to the pace challenge against the group B leaders.
With two more matches in hand, UP are almost certain to finish among top three to make the last eight cut.
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Bengal, who have one more match left against Tamil Nadu away, are safe from relegation lying on fifth but they have the improbable task of winning two matches to keep their quarterfinals hope alive.
R P's second wicket in the penultimate over was a treat to watch with the former pacer, bowling at 135kph, uprooted 18-year-old debutante Ravichandran Easwaran's middle stump with a sharp incoming delivery.
The rookie Bengal batsman showed a fine temperament leaving the away going deliveries and looked solid in defence but only to be dismissed by a beauty.
The left-arm pacer attacked Abhimanyu from round the stumps, creating a sharp angle and the young Bengal batsman struck two boundaries with delightful on-drives.
Earlier, the four seamers attack of Dinda, Sarkar, Shib Shankar Paul (2/51) and skipper Shukla (1/34) rattled UP to 138/8 but only to let them off the hook.
It appeared strange why Shukla did not bring in his main off-spinner Saurashish Lahiri.
Shukla had part-time offie Writtick Chatterjee, the second debutante, and medium pacer Sayan Sekhar Mondal at his disposal but the skipper persisted with the four seam attack as the duo of Imtiaz and Murtaza turned it around for them in the later part of the second session.
Uttar Pradesh 1st Innings 212; 70.1 overs (Prashant Gupta 53; Sourav Sarkar 4/51, Ashok Dinda 3/75).
Bengal 1st Innings: 26/2.