The Congress Vice President spent about two hours with agitating students past midnight and participated in the candle light vigil along with 2,000 students to mark the birthday of Rohith, who would have turned 27 today.
Rahul returned to the protest site this morning to begin the fast, expressing solidarity with them.
"Rahulji is on fast," NSUI President Roji M John said.
Rahul, who is visiting the campus for the second time in as many weeks, tweeted, "I am here today at the request of Rohith's friends and family, to stand with them in their fight for justice.
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Gandhi, who arrived here at 12.10 AM, spoke to the agitating students and lit candles before Rohith's picture.
As students raised slogans against Irani and Dattaretreya, Rahul intervened and politely told them not to shout 'murdabad' (a slogan wishing death to).
"Let us not say 'murdabad' to somebody. That will not do justice," he said.
"On January 17, we have filed SC/ST Atrocities case against Appa Rao and (five) others. These six people should be arrested immediately. Thats the only demand," Sunkanna, who is on an indefinite fast along with Vijay Kumar (another scholar whose suspension was revoked), said.
Three of the students including two research scholars
who were earlier suspended and have sat on a fast unto death, are demanding the fulfilment of their demands such as sacking and arresting of Podile and dropping of Union ministers Smriti Irani and Bandaru Dattaretreya from the cabinet among others.
The Congress Vice-President had visited the University on January 19 following the suicide by the Dalit scholar and met the agitating students and the family members of Vemula.
BJP, meanwhile, flayed Rahul's visit to the HCU campus and charged him and Congress with politicising the issue.
"Rahul Gandhi and Congress are so politically bankrupt and unemployed that he has to politicise tragic death of a student repeatedly," Telangana BJP spokesperson Krishna Saagar Rao said.
"Why is Rahul Gandhi is not in Chennai, where three girls' suicide occurred almost a week ago," he asked.
Yesterday, in a dramatic turn of events, Dr Vipin Srivastava who took charge as the interim Vice-Chancellor of HCU amid protests over the suicide by Rohith here proceeded on leave.
"Dr Vipin Srivastava who took charge as the interim Vice-Chancellor of Hyderabad Central University has proceeded for leave from the afternoon of January 29 and the next senior most professor Dr M Pariasamy will perform the duties of the V-C till further orders," a university official said.
He was appointed as the interim VC on January 24 after Podile went on leave due to vehement protests from the student community on the suicide.
The HCU had in September last year suspended five students D Prasanth, Vijay Kumar, Sheshaiah Chemuudugunta, Velpula Sunkanna and Rohit, for six months (entire semester) for allegedly assaulting ABVP leader Susheel Kumar in August.
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In-Charge Vice-Chancellor, M Periasamy said his priority was to restore peace and normalcy on the campus.
"Whatever demands of (agitating students)...Most of the demands...Whatever we (HCU) can accept without any problems, we will accept", he said.
Noting that the Andhra Pradesh government has come forward offering some help in this context, Periasamy said the HCU has some contacts with the pharmaceutical industry and would try to tap opportunities to get a private job for a member of Rohith's family.
Keen to resolve the impasse on the campus, he said representatives of the Joint Action Committee for Social Justice, spearheading the stir, are expected to meet him "any time" and he wants to hold talks with them.