Kumar, aged 59 years, is at present one of the four managing directors of the SBI.
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet approved his appointment as the SBI chairman for a period of three years from the date of taking over the charge on or after October 7, an order issued by the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) said.
Kumar, as the new head of the bank will have to tackle the issue of ongoing resolution of bad loans while supporting growth through increased lending. Huge non-performing assets (NPA) of public sector lenders is a major cause of worry for the government.
He had earlier served as Chief General Manager, Project Finance and Leasing Strategic Business Unit, it said.
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Kumar has held several key assignments across various business verticals, including two overseas assignments in Canada and the UK.
Bhattacharya became the first woman chairperson of SBI in 2013 for three years. She was given a year's extension in October last year to ensure continuity as the SBI was then in the process of absorbing five associate banks.
Kumar faces the daunting task of addressing the issue of massive NPAs of the bank.
Gross NPAs of the public sector banks rose to Rs 6.41 lakh crore at the end of March 2017 as against Rs 5.02 lakh crore a year ago, according to a Finance Ministry data.
As many as 1,762 wilful defaulters owed Rs 25,104 crore to State Bank of India as on March 31, 2017, it said.
SBI and its erstwhile associates alone wrote off Rs 27,574 crore NPAs in 2016-17, according to a data by the Reserve Bank of India.