"Baba Ramdev called on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, today," a PMO statement said.
There was no official word on what transpired in the meeting but Ramdev told reporters later that "issues of national importance" were discussed.
The meeting comes against the backdrop of the government's endeavour to bring back black money stashed abroad, an issue which the yoga guru has been raising.
The government recently submitted a list of 627 people allegedly having illegal bank accounts abroad.
Modi had on Sunday asserted that he will make all efforts to get every penny of black money back.