"The real test of the government is whether they are willing to do things that are good for the country. Common- sense thinking and embracing the unpopular. What good is the mandate if they are not able to do such things," Gates said here today.
Saying there were a few things "still unclear", Gates stated that he was generally "enthused" about the new NDA government.
"When push comes to shove, the health structure (in India) has got to go up, the government has to really figure out the fiscal balance. It would be interesting to see if that goes up. I also think (that for) the economy as a whole there are some unpopular things that need to be done," he said.
Lauding the government's decision to roll out four new vaccines in the country, Melinda Gates said that would contribute hugely towards bringing down infant mortality.
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"We are enthused with the government that has come to power, very specifically in the area of health," she said.
"If you have to stop the number of children dying every year, you need to roll out these vaccines," she added.
The Microsoft founder said that there was every reason to believe that progress is possible.
"I'm very optimistic and very impatient. If we've got the right people and studied the right way, we will be able to come up with a solution," he said.
The husband-wife duo discussed values and experiences that shaped their philanthropy, which they said was guided by the belief that "all lives have equal value".