Guptill's 189 not out was the cornerstone of New Zealand's 359 for three at Southampton on Sunday, their highest ODI total against England topping the 340 for seven they made in Napier in 2008.
The opener's innings surpassed Lou Vincent's previous New Zealand record of 172 against Zimbabwe in Bulawayo in 2005, and was the equal fourth highest in history.
England need to beat their previous record ODI winning chase of 306 for five against Pakistan in Karachi in 2000 if they are to level this three-match series at 1-1.
But, as happened at Lord's, Guptill was again dropped on 13 with Chris Woakes once more the unlucky bowler.
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The seamer's first over at Lord's had seen Guptill's top-edged pull dropped by Tim Bresnan at long leg.
And Woakes's first over on Sunday saw a Guptill pull go straight through Jonathan Trott's hands at mid-wicket.
That was the only chance Guptill gave in a 155-ball innings featuring two sixes and 19 fours that equalled West Indies' great Viv Richards 189 not out at Manchester in 1984, in a 55-over match, as the highest individual ODI score against England.