The previous high stood at Rs 45,012.36 crore on September 29, last year.
More than 266 crore shares amounting to Rs 55,954.18 crore were traded on the exchange's equity platform today, data on NSE website showed.
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According to the exchange, this is the first time that equity trades have crossed the Rs 50,000 crore mark in a day.
The broader Nifty hit a record intra-day high of 10,340.55 during the session, before finally concluding at 10,295.35, up 87.65 points, or 0.86 per cent.
It bettered its previous record closing of 10,234.45 reached on October 17.