The French carmaker said it was in talks with the holding company of its Russian unit, Avtovaz, after it took a 620 million euro loss in Russia as the economy slowed drastically last year.
Renault said in a statement the talks would examine the feasibility of "a recapitalisation which could lead to the consolidation of the company by Renault".
Avtovaz warned in a separate statement that without assistance, market conditions "create a material uncertainty that gives rise to significant doubt about the group's ability to continue as a going concern".
The Russian car market slumped 35 per cent in 2015 as international sanctions over Ukraine and the crash in oil prices took their toll.
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Avtovaz, based on the Volga river in the city of Togliatti, has been majority-owned since 2013 by Renault and Renault's global partner Nissan and employs 44,000 people, not counting jobs it generates for its suppliers.
Globally, the success of new models such as the new Captur and Kadjar SUVs allowed Renault to hit profitability targets two years early.
Turnover surged 10.4 per cent to 45.3 billion euros, with net profits up 48.1 per cent.
Chief executive Carlos Ghosn said 2015 had been "a good year".
"On the basis of these results, we can look forward to 2016 with a certain degree of confidence," he said.
Ghosn said he was confident the global car market would grow between 1.0 and 2.0 per cent this year and said he was counting on Russia and Brazil -- another developing market that slumped in 2015 -- picking up.
"We remain convinced that these markets will grow in the future and we will be ready when that happens," Ghosn told a press conference.