The Wadhwa Committee, appointed by the apex court, had said in its report that the state governments have been reluctant to deploy modern technology of computerisation to check diversion of PDS grains even as there is a "nexus between the fair price shop owners, bureaucrats and politicians". It had recommended that the above-poverty-line (APL) families should not be given subsidised food grains and the government agencies should undertake their distribution directly instead of doing so through the fair price shops run by private persons to check corruption in PDS.