The new entrant toppled segment leader Samsung, which ended the quarter with 15 per cent share compared to 23 per cent in September 2017 quarter and 25 per cent in the year-ago period, the data showed.
About 55 million feature phones are estimated to have been shipped in the fourth quarter of 2017, up 55 per cent year-on-year.
"Feature phones have been driven by the disruptive entry of Jiophone, which expanded the segment. The quarter also saw new device launches and strong promotions from various brands looking to catalyse demand after Diwali," Counterpoint Research Research Analyst Karn Chauhan said.
Reliance Jio had announced its 4G feature phone in August last year that would be "effectively free" for users, but to prevent misuse of the scheme, JioPhone buyers were required to pay one-time fully refundable deposit of Rs 1,500.
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For the full year, Samsung held onto the top spot with 21 per cent share, followed by itel (12 per cent), Reliance Jio (11 per cent), Micromax (9 per cent) and Lava (7 per cent).
Counterpoint Research Associate Director Tarun Pathak said the feature phone segment is still important in the Indian market.
Pathak added that while Jiophone saw healthy sell-in during the fourth quarter, it exited the quarter with some inventory that could affect its share in coming quarters.
To make its offerings even more attractive, Reliance Jio today introduced a plan with lowest rental of Rs 49 that will offer unlimited voice and data for 28 days to JioPhone users.
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